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- #: 283 S0/EasyPlex
- 06-Sep-88 14:09 MST
- Sb: APn 09/02 0331 Obit-Alvarez
- Fm: Executive News Svc. [72135,424]
-
- Copyright, 1988. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
-
- The information contained in this news report may not be republished or
- redistributed without the prior written authority of The Associated Press.
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- BERKELEY, Calif. (AP) -- Nobel Prize-winner Luis W. Alvarez, a brilliant,
- wide-ranging physicist who helped develop the atomic bomb and a controversial
- theory that asteroids or comets wiped out the dinosaurs, has died at age 77.
- Alvarez died at his home in this San Francisco Bay college town late
- Wednesday after a long battle with cancer, it was announced Thursday.
- Colleagues described Alvarez as a scientific Renaissance man whose colorful
- career took him from wartime radar systems to UFO sightings, secrets of an
- Egyptian pyramid and an analysis of the assassination of President Kennedy.
- "Luis Alvarez was a stunningly creative individual," David A. Shirley,
- director of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, said Thursday. "His discoveries and
- inventions spanned an amazing range of the frontiers of man's knowledge over
- more than half a century."
- Alvarez, who worked at the laboratory and the University of California, died
- of complications from operations for esophageal cancer, laboratory spokeswoman
- Mary Barberia said, quoting the physicist's widow, Janet.
- His health had declined since surgery for a benign brain tumor last fall,
- the spokeswoman said.
- Alvarez won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1968 for developing the
- liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber and for discovering numerous atomic particles
- with the device. The chamber is filled with a transparent liquid so that
- charged particles and their collisions can be studied by photographing the
- bubbles and boiling that occur along their paths.
- In the late 1970s, Alvarez made headlines with the theory that asteroids or
- comets striking the Earth 65 million years ago killed the dinosaurs by kicking
- up huge, dense clouds of dust and smoke.
- Alvarez and colleagues who developed the hypothesis, including his geologist
- son Walter, argued that the clouds blocked sunlight, lowering temperatures,
- destroying food plants, and resulting in the extinction of dinosaurs and many
- other species.
- The theory, which challenged the long-held view that dinosaurs were unsuited
- for survival in the Darwinian evolutionary scheme, triggered a bitter
- scientific debate that continues to this day. Others argue that volcanic
- eruptions killed the dinosaurs by darkening the sun.
- Alvarez labeled one critic "a weak sister," and accused others of
- "publishing scientific nonsense."
- His theory got a boost last week when new evidence from a study of ancient
- clay was reported in the British journal Nature.
- The hypothesis has a chilling modern-day counterpart: a theory that that an
- atomic war would produce enough smoke to plunge Earth into a cold, dark
- "nuclear winter" that would wipe out any survivors.
- Alvarez, a San Francisco native, was the son of Walter C. Alvarez, a noted
- physician and medical columnist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.
- He wrote in his 1987 autobiography, "Alvarez, Adventures of a Physicist"
- that he was indebted to his father, who told him it was a good idea to take a
- night off now and then to do nothing but think.
- As an undergraduate at the University of Chicago, Alvarez built one of the
- first Geiger counters in the United States. As a graduate student, he used it
- to study cosmic rays and proved radiation from space consists mostly of
- protons.
- He began working at Berkeley in 1936. His discoveries included the capture
- of electrons by atomic nuclei and the radioactivity of tritium, an isotope of
- hydrogen used in thermonuclear weapons.
- During World War II, Alvarez invented an effective bomb sight and a number
- of radar systems. His invention of a ground-controlled approach landing system
- saved the lives of many Allied pilots, some of whom thanked him after the war,
- according to California-Berkeley.
- Alvarez played an important role in developing the atomic bomb, and invented
- several types of atom smashers.
- In his autobiography, he nostalgically recalled the early days of atomic
- research, when he held a sphere of radioactive plutonium in his hands, "feeling
- its warmth."
- Alvarez made news by applying physics to popular subjects, including the
- X-ray scan of an Egyptian pyramid for hidden chambers -- there were none -- and
- analysis of evidence in the Kennedy assassination. His findings supported the
- Warren Commission's conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin.
- University of California President David P. Gardner said Thursday that he
- and the entire university community were saddened by the death of Alvarez, whom
- he called "a creative and energetic scientist."
- Gardner said Alvarez showed "concern for the student, commitment to
- meaningful and distinctive research, and devotion to the betterment of society.
- `He will be missed."
- Alvarez is survived by his wife, Janet, two sons, two daughters, two sisters
- and a brother.
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